FlavScents AInsights Entry for Dextro-borneol (CAS: 464-43-7)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): Dextro-borneol
• IUPAC Name: (1R,2S,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol
• CAS Number: 464-43-7
• FEMA Number: Not available
• Other Identifiers: FL Number: 02.012, CoE Number: 146
• Molecular Formula: C10H18O
• Molecular Weight: 154.25 g/mol

Dextro-borneol is a bicyclic monoterpenoid alcohol. Its structure features a camphor-like framework with a hydroxyl group, contributing to its characteristic odor profile. The presence of the hydroxyl group is crucial for its sensory properties, influencing both its volatility and its interaction with olfactory receptors.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Dextro-borneol is known for its camphoraceous, woody, and slightly minty odor. It is often described as having a fresh and clean scent with moderate intensity and good diffusion. The compound is primarily used as an impact note in fragrance compositions, providing a cooling and refreshing character. While specific taste and odor thresholds are not well-documented, dextro-borneol is typically used in small concentrations due to its potent aroma.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Dextro-borneol naturally occurs in several essential oils, including those derived from plants like rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora). It can also be synthesized through the reduction of camphor. The compound's presence in natural sources supports its designation as a "natural fragrance" component, although its concentration can vary significantly depending on the source and extraction method.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Dextro-borneol is used in flavor applications to impart a cooling and refreshing note, often in mint and herbal flavor profiles. It serves as a functional modifier, enhancing the overall freshness of the flavor system. Typical use levels in finished food or beverages range from 0.1 to 5 ppm, with higher concentrations potentially leading to overpowering camphoraceous notes. The compound is relatively stable under normal processing conditions but may degrade under extreme heat or acidic environments.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In fragrance formulations, dextro-borneol is utilized across various fragrance families, including woody, herbal, and fresh compositions. It acts as a modifier and impact note, contributing to the top and middle notes of a fragrance. Typical concentration ranges in perfumes are from 0.1% to 1%, depending on the desired intensity and character. Its volatility allows it to provide an initial burst of freshness, which can enhance the overall complexity of the fragrance.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Dextro-borneol is not explicitly listed as GRAS by FEMA but is used in compliance with general safety standards.
• European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL number 02.012.
• United Kingdom: Follows EU regulations post-Brexit with no significant divergence reported.
• Asia: In Japan, dextro-borneol is permitted for use in flavors and fragrances, while specific regulations in China and ASEAN countries may vary.
• Latin America: Generally accepted in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries, subject to local regulatory compliance.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, dextro-borneol is considered safe at typical flavor use levels, with no specific ADI or MSDI established. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is generally well-tolerated, though it may cause irritation or sensitization in sensitive individuals. IFRA guidelines should be consulted for specific use restrictions. Inhalation exposure is primarily relevant in occupational settings, where adequate ventilation and protective measures are recommended to minimize risk.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Dextro-borneol is valued for its ability to impart a fresh, cooling character to both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other minty and herbal notes, enhancing their overall impact. Formulators should be cautious of its potent aroma, as overuse can lead to an overpowering camphoraceous scent. It is often under-utilized in complex fragrance compositions where its fresh note can add a unique dimension.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on dextro-borneol is well-established, with consistent sensory and regulatory information available. However, specific numeric thresholds for taste and odor are not clearly reported, reflecting a gap in detailed sensory research. Industry practices are generally well-documented, though some regional regulatory nuances may require further clarification.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-01-19 18:54:57 GMT (p2)