AInsights Entry for (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (CAS: 25152-84-5)
1. Identity & Chemical Information
- Common Name(s): (E,E)-2,4-decadienal
- IUPAC Name: (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal
- CAS Number: 25152-84-5
- FEMA Number: 2365
- Other Identifiers: FL No. 05.073
- Molecular Formula: C10H16O
- Molecular Weight: 152.23 g/mol
(E,E)-2,4-decadienal is an unsaturated aldehyde characterized by its conjugated double bonds, which contribute significantly to its potent odor profile. The presence of these functional groups is crucial for its sensory characteristics, imparting a strong, fatty, and citrus-like aroma that is highly valued in both flavor and fragrance applications.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA
2. Sensory Profile
(E,E)-2,4-decadienal is renowned for its intense, fatty, and citrus-like odor, often described as reminiscent of deep-fried or cooked chicken skin. This compound is a key impact note in many flavor formulations, providing a realistic and savory character. Its odor threshold is notably low, making it effective even at minimal concentrations. In flavor systems, it serves as an impact note, enhancing the authenticity of savory profiles.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature
3. Natural Occurrence & Formation
(E,E)-2,4-decadienal naturally occurs in various foodstuffs, particularly those subjected to thermal processing, such as cooked meats and oils. It is primarily formed through the oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, a process often accelerated by heat. This compound is significant in the context of "natural flavor" designations, as it can be derived from natural sources through controlled thermal processes.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs
4. Use in Flavors
(E,E)-2,4-decadienal is extensively used in savory flavor formulations, including meat, poultry, and fried food flavors. It functions as a critical impact note, providing depth and authenticity. Typical use levels in finished food products range from 0.1 to 2 ppm, with variations depending on the desired intensity and application. It is relatively stable under typical processing conditions but can be prone to oxidation, necessitating careful formulation to preserve its sensory qualities.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature
5. Use in Fragrances
In fragrance applications, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal is utilized for its ability to impart a fresh, fatty note that enhances the realism of certain accords, particularly in gourmand and savory-themed fragrances. It is typically used in trace amounts due to its potent odor. Its volatility allows it to contribute primarily to the top and middle notes of a fragrance composition.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts
6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)
- United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
- European Union: Permitted under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with assigned FL number.
- United Kingdom: Aligns with EU regulations post-Brexit.
- Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific concentration limits.
- Latin America: Generally accepted in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries, subject to local regulations.
Explicit approvals and harmonized assumptions are prevalent, though formulators should verify country-specific guidelines to ensure compliance.
Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications
7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations
For oral exposure, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal is considered safe within the established ADI and MSDI limits, with a favorable margin of safety. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is generally low-risk, though IFRA guidelines should be consulted to avoid potential sensitization. Inhalation exposure is minimal due to its low volatility, but occupational safety measures should be observed during handling.
Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature
8. Practical Insights for Formulators
(E,E)-2,4-decadienal is valued for its ability to impart a realistic, savory character to flavor and fragrance formulations. It synergizes well with other aldehydes and savory notes, enhancing overall complexity. Formulators should be cautious of its potent odor, as overuse can lead to an overpowering effect. It is often underutilized in fragrance applications, where its unique profile can add depth to gourmand compositions.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice
9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes
The data on (E,E)-2,4-decadienal is well-established, with comprehensive sensory and regulatory information available. Industry practices are well-documented, though some regional regulatory nuances may require further clarification. Known data gaps are minimal, primarily concerning specific regional regulatory updates.
Citation hooks: FlavScents
QA Check
- All required sections 1–9 are present
- "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
- Flavor section includes ppm ranges
- Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
- Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.
Generated 2026-01-19 19:19:16 GMT (p2)