FlavScents AInsights Entry for Musk Indenofuran (CAS: 476332-65-7)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): Musk Indenofuran
• IUPAC Name: Not available
• CAS Number: 476332-65-7
• FEMA Number: Not applicable
• Other Identifiers: Not available
• Molecular Formula: Not available
• Molecular Weight: Not available
• Functional Groups and Structure–Odor Relevance: Musk indenofuran is a synthetic musk compound, typically characterized by its complex polycyclic structure, which contributes to its musky odor profile. The specific functional groups and their arrangement within the molecule are crucial for its olfactory properties, although detailed structural information is not readily available.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Musk indenofuran is known for its distinctive musky odor, which is often described as warm, sweet, and animalic. It is typically used as an impact note in fragrance compositions, providing depth and richness. The intensity of its scent can vary, but it is generally considered to have a moderate to strong diffusion. Specific odor thresholds are not well-documented, but it is valued for its ability to enhance the longevity and complexity of a fragrance blend.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Musk indenofuran is a synthetic compound and does not occur naturally. It is produced through chemical synthesis, often involving complex organic reactions designed to mimic the musky scent of natural animal-derived musks. As a synthetic material, it does not qualify for "natural flavor" or "natural fragrance" designations under most regulatory frameworks.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Musk indenofuran is not commonly used in flavor applications due to its primary role as a fragrance ingredient. When used, it is typically at very low levels to impart a subtle musk note in certain flavor profiles. Typical use levels in food or beverages are not well-documented, but industry practice suggests it is used sparingly, often below 1 ppm, to avoid overpowering the flavor profile.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

Musk indenofuran is widely used in the fragrance industry, particularly in the creation of perfumes and personal care products. It is a key component in the musk fragrance family, often used to provide a base note that enhances the overall depth and warmth of a scent. Typical concentration ranges in fragrance formulations can vary, but it is often used at levels of 0.1% to 5% depending on the desired intensity and product type. Its volatility is moderate, contributing primarily to the middle and base notes of a fragrance.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Musk indenofuran is not specifically listed under FEMA GRAS for flavor use. Its use in fragrances is subject to general safety regulations.
• European Union: Not explicitly listed under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 for flavor use. Fragrance use is regulated under the EU Cosmetics Regulation.
• United Kingdom: Follows EU regulations post-Brexit with no significant divergence reported.
• Asia: Regulatory status varies; not commonly used in flavors, with fragrance use subject to local cosmetic regulations.
• Latin America: Similar to other regions, primarily regulated under cosmetic safety standards.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

• Oral Exposure: Not typically used in food applications; therefore, oral exposure data is limited. No ADI or MSDI values are available.
• Dermal Exposure: Generally considered safe for use in cosmetics at typical concentrations. IFRA guidelines should be consulted for specific restrictions.
• Inhalation Exposure: As a fragrance ingredient, inhalation exposure is primarily through consumer products. Occupational exposure should be managed with standard safety practices.

Risk profiles differ between food and fragrance applications, with fragrance use being more common and better studied.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Musk indenofuran is valued for its ability to impart a rich, musky character to fragrance compositions. It synergizes well with floral and woody notes, enhancing the overall complexity of a scent. Formulators should be cautious of its potency, as overuse can lead to an overpowering musk note. It is often under-used in formulations seeking a subtle musk background.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on musk indenofuran is well-established in the context of fragrance use, with industry practices providing a reliable framework for its application. However, data gaps exist in its flavor use and specific toxicological thresholds, necessitating cautious application and adherence to regulatory guidelines.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-01-27 15:18:16 GMT (p2)