Thank you for providing the detailed prompt for generating a comprehensive entry on allyl propionate for FlavScents.com. Below is the structured entry based on the provided guidelines:
1. Identity & Chemical Information
- Common Name(s): Allyl propionate
- IUPAC Name: Prop-2-en-1-yl propanoate
- CAS Number: 2408-20-0
- FEMA Number: 2030
- Other Identifiers: FL No. 09.014
- Molecular Formula: C6H10O2
- Molecular Weight: 114.14 g/mol
Allyl propionate is an ester compound characterized by its allyl group attached to a propionate moiety. The presence of the allyl group contributes to its distinctive fruity odor, which is relevant in both flavor and fragrance applications.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA
2. Sensory Profile
Allyl propionate is known for its strong, fruity odor reminiscent of pineapple and other tropical fruits. It is often described as having a sweet, ethereal, and slightly pungent aroma. The compound is used as an impact note in formulations, providing a fresh and vibrant character. Its odor threshold is relatively low, making it effective even at minimal concentrations.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature
3. Natural Occurrence & Formation
Allyl propionate is not commonly found in nature but can be synthesized through esterification processes involving allyl alcohol and propionic acid. It is not typically associated with natural flavor or fragrance designations due to its synthetic origin.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs
4. Use in Flavors
Allyl propionate is widely used in flavor formulations, particularly in fruit flavors such as pineapple, apple, and pear. It serves as a key impact note, enhancing the overall fruitiness and freshness of the flavor profile. Typical use levels in finished food products range from 0.5 to 5 ppm, with higher concentrations potentially leading to an overpowering effect. The compound is stable under normal processing conditions but may degrade under extreme heat or acidic conditions.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature
5. Use in Fragrances
In the fragrance industry, allyl propionate is utilized in various product types, including perfumes, soaps, and household products. It contributes to the top notes of a fragrance, providing a fresh and fruity character. Typical concentration ranges in formulations are from 0.1% to 1%, depending on the desired intensity and product type. Its volatility makes it suitable for top note applications.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts
6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)
- United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
- European Union: Listed under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with an assigned FL number.
- United Kingdom: Follows EU regulations post-Brexit.
- Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific concentration limits.
- Latin America: Generally accepted in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries, subject to local regulations.
Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications
7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations
For oral exposure, allyl propionate is considered safe within the established FEMA GRAS limits. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is generally low risk, but IFRA guidelines should be consulted to avoid sensitization. Inhalation exposure is minimal due to its low volatility at typical use levels. Overall, the risk profiles for food and fragrance applications are similar, with no significant safety concerns reported.
Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature
8. Practical Insights for Formulators
Allyl propionate is valued for its ability to impart a fresh, fruity character to both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other esters and fruity compounds, enhancing the overall profile. Formulators should be cautious of its potency, as overuse can lead to an overpowering effect. It is often under-utilized in complex formulations where subtlety is required.
Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice
9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes
The data on allyl propionate is well-established, with comprehensive documentation available from authoritative sources. Industry practices are consistent with documented guidelines, though some regional regulatory nuances may exist. No significant data gaps or ambiguities are noted.
Citation hooks: FlavScents
QA Check
- All required sections 1–9 are present
- "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
- Flavor section includes ppm ranges
- Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
- Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
This entry is designed to provide a thorough and accurate overview of allyl propionate, ensuring clarity and relevance for professionals in the flavor and fragrance industries.
About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.
Generated 2026-01-19 15:44:31 GMT (p2)