alpha-phellandrene

Full Material List

2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,3-diene

Identifiers

CAS (Single)	99-83-2
FEMA	2856
EINECS	202-792-5
Synonyms	1,3- cyclohexadiene, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- dihydro-p-cymene dihydro-para-cymene alpha- fellandrene p- mentha-1,5-diene para- mentha-1,5-diene menthadiene 1- methyl-4-isopropyl-1,5-cyclohexadiene (-)-2- methyl-5-(1-methyl ethyl)-1,3-cyclohexadiene (-)-2- methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-cyclohexadiene 2- methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene 2- methyl-5-isopropyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene 2- methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,3-diene (-)-a- phellandrene (Â±)-a- phellandrene a- phellandrene alpha- phellandrene 65% natural phellandrene alpha FCC alpha- phellandrene extra FCC (natural) alpha- phellandrene FCC (natural) alpha- phellandrene natural 4-iso propyl-1-methyl-1,5-cyclohexadiene (-)-5-iso propyl-2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene 5-iso propyl-2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene 5-iso propyl-2-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene 1-iso propyl-4-methyl-2,4-cyclohexadiene
JECFA Food Flavoring	1328
JECFA Food Additive	N/A
DG SANTE Food Flavourings	01.006 alpha-phellandrene
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials	N/A
FDA UNII	49JV13XE39
CoE Number	2117
XlogP3-AA	N/A
Molecular Weight	136.23752
Molecular Formula	C10 H16

Properties

Food Chemicals Codex Listed	Yes
Appearance	colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay	95.00 to 100.00
Specific Gravity	0.83500 to 0.86500 @ 25.00 °C.
Lbs/Gal (est)	6.948 to 7.198
Refractive Index	1.47100 to 1.47700 @ 20.00 Â°C.
Melting Point	N/A
Boiling Point	175.00 to 176.00 Â°C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point	117.00 Â°F. TCC ( 47.22 Â°C. )
Acid Value	N/A
Vapor Pressure	1.856000 mmHg @ 25.00 Â°C. (est)
Vapor Density	N/A
logP (o/w)	4.408 (est)
Soluble In	alcohol water, 2.862 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) water alcoholic fine fragrance, good antiperspirant, good fabric softener, good hypochlorite bleach, poor liquid detergent, good perborate powder detergent, fair soap, good toiletry application, good
Occurrence	achillea tenuifolia lam. flower oil iran @ 1.70% allspice fruit allspice leaf allspice leaf oil amomum testaceum ridl. fruit oil malaysia @ 0.40% angelica root oil @ 2.02% angelica seed oil @ 2.00% angelica seed oil CO2 extract @ 0.50% anise seed oil star china @ 0.39% anise star anise fruit artemisia vestita wall. flower oil @ 15.60% artemisia vestita wall. leaf oil @ 17.40% basil flower oil sweet @ 0.03% basil leaf oil sweet (ocimum basilicum) @ 0.08% basil oil var. glabratum turkey @ trace% bay laurel fruit oil bay laurel leaf bay laurel leaf oil bay leaf oil @ 0.07-0.45% bay leaf oil anise @ 0.3% bay leaf oil lemon @ 0.2% bergamot oil @ 0.016-0.056% blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. sanguinello) italy @ 0.073% blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. tarocco) italy @ 0.075% blood orange oil italy @ 0.060% boldo leaf oil italy @ 0.04% cabocla flower oil brazil @ 5.80% cajuput oil @ 0.5% cajuput oil vietnam @ 0.5% calamus root oil mongolia @ 0.20% cananga fruit oil @ 0.2% caraway seed cardamom fruit cardamom seed carrot root carrot seed oil spain @ trace-0.02% cascarilla bark oil @ 0.13% cassis bud oil @ trace-1.58% cayenne fruit celery seed oil celery seed oil egypt @ 0.10% cinnamomum fragrans baillon leaf oil madagascar @ 0.20% cinnamomum fragrans baillon leaf oil madagascar @ 23.40% cinnamon ceylon cinnamon bark oil cinnamon ceylon cinnamon leaf cinnamon ceylon cinnamon leaf oil cinnamon ceylon cinnamon root bark cinnamon ceylon cinnamon stem bark cinnamon fruit oil india @ 0.1-0.7% cinnamon leaf oil ceylon @ 0.23% citronella oil ceylon @ 0.12% clary sage oil sardinia @ 0.60% coriander fruit coriander oil coriander seed oil cornmint oil india @ 0.02% cotton plant croton flavens l. (welensali) leaf oil curacao @ 1.50% cubeb oil @ 0.58% cumin seed cumin seed oil cumin seed oil egypt @ 0.63% cumin seed oil turkey @ 0.2% curry fruit oil india @ 2.70% curry leaf oil india @ 6.10% cypress cone oil egypt @ trace% dill leaf dill oil dill root oil dill seed dill seed oil dill shoot oil dill weed oil cuba @ 24.88% dill weed oil reunion @ 56.50% echinophora cinerea oil iran @ 61.40% elemi oil @ 4.30% eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn. leaf oil jerusalem @ 0.40% eucalyptus camaldulensis dehnh. leaf oil ethiopia @ 7.70% eucalyptus deaneti maiden leaf oil ethiopia @ 5.60% eucalyptus delegatensis r. baker leaf oil ethiopia @ 0.40% eucalyptus globulus bud oil @ 0.01% eucalyptus globulus fruit oil @ 2.11% eucalyptus globulus oil burundia @ 0.10% eucalyptus globulus oil pakistan @ 0.60% eucalyptus globulus oil rwanda @ 0.01% eucalyptus nitens (deane et maiden) maiden leaf oil ethiopia @ 2.50% eucalyptus saligna smith leaf oil ethiopia @ 5.00% eucalyptus tereticornis smith leaf oil ethiopia @ 3.80% eucalyptus urophylla s.t. blake leaf oil ethiopia @ 0.60% fennel absolute sweet @ trace% fennel flower oil bitter lithuania @ 6.15% fennel oil fennel plant fennel seed fennel seed oil bitter lithuania @ 4.10% fennel seed oil sweet @ trace% ferula cupularis leaf oil @ 2.36% feverfew leaf oil belgium @ 0.6% fir needle oil canada @ 0.03-0.19% fir needle oil siberia @ 0.12% foeniculum vulgare piperitum oil @ 0.40% garlic bulb geranium oil bourbon @ 0.12% geranium oil rwanda @ 0.05% geranium stem oil india @ 0.09% ginger rhizome ginger rhizome oil ginger root oil brazil @ 0.60% grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.05% grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.07% grapefruit oil c.p. italy @ 0.08% grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.06% grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.06% grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.08% grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.08% ho leaf oil @ 0.05% horsemint shoot hyacinthus orientalis absolute @ trace-0.01% hypericum dogonbadanicum assadi oil iran @ trace% hyssop flower hyssop leaf hyssop leaf oil hyssop oil juniper branch oil @ 0.30% juniper needle oil @ 1.30% kewda oil @ 0.6-0.08% laurel bark oil @ 0.2% laurel leaf oil @ 0.5% laurel leaf oil turkey @ 0.20% laurel stem oil @ 0.1% laurel wood oil @ 0.1% lavandin oil abrialis @ 0.07% lavandin oil grosso @ 0.07% lavandula officinalis flower oil @ 0.20% lavender oil spike france @ trace% layana oil kenya @ trace% lemon oil lemon oil california @ 0.04% lemon oil expressed italy @ 0.04% lemon petiole lemon verbena oil morocco @ trace% lemongrass oil @ 0.05% lemongrass oil @ 0.27% lemongrass oil egypt @ 0.05% levisticum officinale flower oil @ 0.93% levisticum officinale seed oil @ 1.96% lime fruit lime oil distilled mexico @ 0.46% lime oil distilled peru @ 0.44% lime oil expressed florida @ trace% lovage flower oil @ 3.14% lovage leaf oil @ 2.37% lovage root lovage root oil @ 0.24% lovage seed oil @ 11.91% mace oil @ 1.60% mace oil CO2 extract @ 0.40% mace oil east india @ 3.17% mandarin fruit mandarin oil @ 0.48% mandarin oil avana @ 0.06% mandarin oil avana @ 0.07% mandarin oil italy @ 0.48% mandarin oil uruguay @ 0.03-0.04% mango flower marjoram oil marjoram oil sweet cuba @ 0.11% marjoram oil sweet egypt @ 4.84% marjoram oil sweet iran @ 0.20% marjoram oil sweet morocco @ 0.53% marjoram plant marjoram pot oil turkey @ 0.00-0.01% mastic fruit oil @ 0.06% mastic leaf oil @ trace% mastic oil @ 0.13% melaleuca michelia alba flower absolute @ 0.34% mint myristica fragrans fruit oil @ 0.70% nutmeg extract CO2 west indian @ 0.30% nutmeg leaf oil nutmeg oil nutmeg oil hydrodistilled india @ 0.7% nutmeg oil india @ 0.67% nutmeg seed nutmeg seed oil orange fruit orange oil c.p. brazil @ trace% orange peel oil bitter brazil @ trace% orange peel oil bitter italy @ 0.02% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.045% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.049% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.058% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.073% orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.091% orange peel oil sweet c.p. florida @ 0.05% orange peel oil sweet c.p. valencia @ 0.05% oregano oil oregano oil mexico @ 0.56% oregano plant oregano shoot oregano shoot oil origanum oil greece @ 0.08% papaya fruit parsley fruit oil parsley leaf parsley leaf oil @ 0.39% parsley leaf oil cuba @ 0.09% parsley leaf oil egypt @ 1.46% parsley seed parsley seed oil parsley seed oil @ 0.28% parsnip root pennyroyal oil uruguay @ trace% pepper bell pepper fruit pepper black pepper fruit pepper black pepper fruit oil pepper black pepper oil pepper black pepper seed oil pepper tree berry oil @ 17.34% pepper tree leaf oil @ 30.24% petitgrain combava oil @ trace% petitgrain mandarin oil @ 0.01% phoebe oil brazil @ 0.08% pimenta leaf oil @ 1.12% pimenta racemosa leaf oil lemon @ 0.14% pinus spp. pinus sylvestris l. needle oil estonia @ 0.20% plectranthus glandulosus hook f. leaf oil cameroon @ 0.70% plumcot fruit prangos uechtritzii boiss. et hausskn. fruit oil turkey @ 6.30% prangos uloptera dc. oil iran @ 1.80% protium heptaphyllum (aubl.) march resin oil brazil @ 16.70% pteronia oil @ 0.40% ravintsara leaf oil @ 1.99%% ridolfia segetum rosemary rosemary leaf rosemary leaf oil rosemary oil corsica @ 1.30% rosemary oil egypt @ 0.46% rosemary oil spain @ 3.2% rosemary oil turkey @ 0.38% rosemary plant rosemary sap rosemary shoot rosemary shoot oil safflower bud safflower leaf sage leaf oil sage oil sage oil albania @ 1.00% sage oil cuba @ 1.16% sage oil reunion @ 0.80% sage oil spain @ 0.0-0.2% sage oil spain @ 0.10% salvia officinalis oil cuba @ 1.16% satureja khuzistanica jamzad oil iran @ 0.10% satureja viminea l. oil costa rica @ trace% savin oil @ 0.20% savory winter savory plant sideritis syriaca l. oil bulgaria @ 1.00% spearmint leaf sugandha kokila berry oil @ 1.50% tagete flower oil rwanda @ trace% tagete oil rwanda @ 0.07% tagete oil turkey @ 0.09% tanacetum annum l. oil marocco @ 7.60% tangerine oil america @ trace% tansy oil canada @ 0.10% tansy oil marocco @ 2.60% tarragon leaf oil tarragon oil thyme absolute @ trace% thyme oil thyme oil red CO2 extract @ 0.09% thyme oil red india @ 0.2% thyme oil red spain @ 0.15-0.19% thyme oil wild or creeping pakistan @ 0.88% thyme plant trachyspermum roxburghianum benth. ex. kurz. seed oil india @ 0.20% turmeric leaf turmeric rhizome wormseed oil america @ 0.01% wormseed oil spain @ 0.01% wormwood oil america @ 0.35% wormwood oil annus france @ 0.00-trace% wormwood oil italy @ trace% yarrow leaf oil @ trace% yarrow oil @ 0.50% yarrow oil greece @ trace% yuzu leaf oil @ 0.27-0.36% zanthoxylum bracchyacanthum l. leaf oil australia @ trace%

Organoleptic

Organoleptic Notes	1. Odor Type: terpenic Odor Strength:medium ,recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less Substantivity:4 hour(s) at 100.00 % citrus herbal terpenic green woody pepper black pepper Odor Description:at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. citrus herbal terpene green woody pepperyLuebke, William tgsc, (1985) Odor sample from: Berje Inc. citrus terpenic green pepper black pepper Odor Description:Citrus, terpenic, slightly green, black pepper-likeMosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 2, 49, (1991)
Odor	terpenic citrus, herbal, terpenic, green, woody, pepper, black
Flavor	terpenic terpenic, citrus, lime, fresh, green,

AInsights BETA

FlavScents AInsights Entry for Alpha-Phellandrene (CAS: 99-83-2)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

Common Name(s): Alpha-phellandrene
IUPAC Name: (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene
CAS Number: 99-83-2
FEMA Number: 2908
Other Identifiers: FL No. 02.062
Molecular Formula: C10H16
Molecular Weight: 136.24 g/mol
Functional Groups and Structure-Odor Relevance: Alpha-phellandrene is a monoterpene with a cyclohexene ring structure, contributing to its characteristic citrusy and peppery aroma. The presence of a double bond in the cyclohexene ring is significant for its reactivity and odor profile.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Alpha-phellandrene is characterized by a citrusy, peppery, and slightly woody aroma. It is often described as having a fresh, green, and slightly spicy scent, contributing to its use as an impact note in fragrance compositions. The odor intensity is moderate, and it is known for its ability to blend well with other citrus and spice notes. Specific odor thresholds are not clearly reported, but it is typically used in low concentrations due to its potent aroma.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Alpha-phellandrene is naturally found in the essential oils of various plants, including eucalyptus, ginger, and dill. It is biosynthesized in plants through the mevalonate pathway, which is common for monoterpenes. Its presence in essential oils makes it relevant for "natural flavor" and "natural fragrance" designations, particularly in products seeking to emphasize natural ingredients.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Alpha-phellandrene is used in flavor formulations primarily for its citrusy and spicy notes. It is commonly found in flavor categories such as citrus, spice, and herbal. Its functional role in flavor systems includes acting as an impact note and providing background realism. Typical use levels in finished food or beverages range from 0.1 to 5 ppm, with higher concentrations potentially leading to overpowering flavors. It is relatively stable under normal conditions but may degrade under high heat or acidic conditions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In fragrances, alpha-phellandrene is used across various fragrance families, including citrus, woody, and spicy. It serves as a modifier and impact note, providing freshness and complexity to compositions. Typical concentration ranges in perfumes are from trace amounts up to 1%, depending on the desired intensity. It is a top note due to its high volatility, contributing to the initial impression of a fragrance.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
European Union: Listed under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with an assigned FL number.
United Kingdom: Follows EU regulations post-Brexit with no significant divergence reported.
Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific regulations varying by country.
Latin America: Generally accepted in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries, though specific approvals may vary.

Explicit approvals are in place for flavor use, with harmonized assumptions across regions. However, country-specific variability may exist, particularly in Asia and Latin America.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

Oral Exposure: Alpha-phellandrene is considered safe for oral consumption at typical flavor use levels, with no specific ADI or MSDI reported. It is included in the FEMA GRAS list, indicating a recognized margin of safety.
Dermal Exposure: In fragrance applications, it is generally non-irritating at typical use levels, but higher concentrations may cause sensitization. IFRA provides guidelines for safe use in personal care products.
Inhalation Exposure: Due to its volatility, inhalation exposure is possible, but no significant occupational hazards have been reported at typical use levels.

Risk profiles are similar between food and fragrance applications, with safety considerations primarily focused on concentration and exposure duration.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Alpha-phellandrene is valued for its ability to impart fresh, citrusy notes with a hint of spice, making it versatile in both flavor and fragrance formulations. It synergizes well with other citrus and spice components, enhancing overall complexity. Common pitfalls include overuse, leading to overpowering or unbalanced compositions. It is often under-utilized in formulations seeking a natural citrus profile.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

Data on alpha-phellandrene is well-established, particularly regarding its sensory characteristics and regulatory status. Industry practices are documented, though specific numeric thresholds for sensory perception are less frequently reported. Known data gaps include detailed toxicological studies specific to inhalation exposure.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

All required sections 1–9 are present
"Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
Flavor section includes ppm ranges
Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-10-20 20:12:46 GMT (p2)

Suppliers

	Advanced Biotech ALPHA PHELLANDRENE NATURAL • 1949 Supplier Detail
	Berjé PHELLANDRENE • 99-83-2 Supplier Detail
	Vigon International PHELLANDRENE ALPHA NATURAL • 500315 Supplier Detail
	Vigon International PHELLANDRENE ALPHA NATURAL (TCCC) • 513437 Supplier Detail
	Penta Fine Ingredients ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE • 16-16100 Supplier Detail
	Penta Fine Ingredients NATURAL ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE • 16-16200 Supplier Detail
	Penta Fine Ingredients NATURAL ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE FCC • 16-16205 Supplier Detail

alpha-phellandrene

Identifiers

Properties

Organoleptic

AInsights BETA

FlavScents AInsights Entry for Alpha-Phellandrene (CAS: 99-83-2)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

2. Sensory Profile

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

4. Use in Flavors

5. Use in Fragrances

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

QA Check

Suppliers

Advanced Biotech

Berjé

Vigon International

Vigon International

Penta Fine Ingredients

Penta Fine Ingredients

Penta Fine Ingredients