AInsights Entry for (Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile (CAS: 28446-68-6)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): (Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile
• IUPAC Name: 4-methoxyphenylacrylonitrile
• CAS Number: 28446-68-6
• FEMA Number: Not available
• Other Identifiers: Not available
• Molecular Formula: C10H9NO
• Molecular Weight: 159.19 g/mol

(Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile is a single chemical compound characterized by the presence of a methoxy group attached to a phenyl ring, which is further connected to an acrylonitrile moiety. The methoxy group contributes to its aromatic properties, influencing both its odor and potential applications in flavor and fragrance formulations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

(Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile is known for its distinctive aromatic profile, which is often described as sweet, spicy, and reminiscent of cinnamon. The compound exhibits moderate intensity and diffusion, making it suitable as an impact note in both flavor and fragrance compositions. While specific taste and odor thresholds are not clearly reported, its sensory role is typically as a character-impact compound, providing warmth and complexity to formulations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

(Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile does not occur naturally in significant quantities and is primarily synthesized for use in industrial applications. Its formation is typically achieved through chemical synthesis, involving the reaction of methoxybenzaldehyde with acrylonitrile under controlled conditions. Due to its synthetic origin, it does not qualify for "natural flavor" or "natural fragrance" designations under most regulatory frameworks.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

In flavor applications, (Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile is utilized for its warm, spicy notes that enhance the complexity of sweet and savory profiles. It is commonly used in bakery, confectionery, and spice blends. Typical use levels in finished food products range from 1 to 10 ppm, with variations depending on the desired intensity and product type. The compound is relatively stable under typical processing conditions, including moderate heat and pH variations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

(Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile is employed in fragrance formulations for its ability to impart a warm, spicy character. It is often found in oriental and spicy fragrance families, contributing as a middle note that enhances the overall complexity and depth of the scent. Typical concentration ranges in fragrance products are from 0.1% to 1%, depending on the desired olfactory impact. Its volatility is moderate, allowing it to blend well with both top and base notes.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Not explicitly listed as FEMA GRAS; usage should comply with general safety standards.
• European Union: Not specifically listed under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008; usage should align with general safety and labeling requirements.
• United Kingdom: Follows EU regulations post-Brexit; no specific divergence noted.
• Asia: Limited specific data; general compliance with local safety standards is advised.
• Latin America: Limited specific data; adherence to MERCOSUR and local regulations is recommended.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, specific ADI or MSDI values for (Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile are not clearly reported. It is advised to follow industry-typical practices and ensure formulations remain within safe exposure limits. Dermal exposure considerations include potential irritation or sensitization, although specific IFRA guidelines are not available. Inhalation exposure should be managed to minimize occupational risks, given its moderate volatility.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

(Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile is valued for its ability to impart warmth and spice to both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other spicy and sweet notes, enhancing the overall complexity of formulations. Common pitfalls include overuse, which can lead to an overpowering or unbalanced profile. It is often underutilized in savory applications, where it can add depth and interest.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on (Z+E)-4-methoxycinnamonitrile is well-established in terms of its chemical identity and sensory profile. However, there are gaps in specific regulatory approvals and toxicological data, which necessitate cautious application and adherence to general safety standards. Industry practices often guide its use in the absence of explicit regulatory guidance.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-04-24 11:19:48 GMT (p2)