The provided prompt is a detailed guideline for generating a comprehensive entry for a flavor and fragrance material, specifically (E)-2-nonenal, for FlavScents.com. The prompt outlines the structure, content requirements, and citation hooks necessary to create a technically accurate and insightful entry. Below is a sample entry based on the guidelines provided:

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): (E)-2-Nonenal
• IUPAC Name: (E)-non-2-enal
• CAS Number: 18829-56-6
• FEMA Number: 2781
• Other Identifiers: FL No. 02.062
• Molecular Formula: C9H16O
• Molecular Weight: 140.23 g/mol

(E)-2-Nonenal is an unsaturated aldehyde characterized by its aliphatic chain and a double bond, which significantly influences its odor profile. The presence of the aldehyde group is crucial for its distinctive scent, often described as fatty and green.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

(E)-2-Nonenal is known for its potent odor, often described as green, cucumber-like, and fatty. It has a strong intensity and is typically used as an impact note in formulations. The odor threshold is relatively low, making it effective even at minimal concentrations. Its sensory role is primarily as a character-impact compound, providing freshness and realism to compositions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

(E)-2-Nonenal naturally occurs in various plant sources, including cucumbers and certain types of melons. It is also formed during the oxidation of linoleic acid, a common fatty acid in plant oils. This compound is relevant for "natural flavor" designations due to its presence in natural sources and its formation through natural oxidative processes.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

In flavor applications, (E)-2-nonenal is used to impart a fresh, green note, often in cucumber, melon, and certain vegetable flavors. It serves as an impact note and is typically used at low concentrations, ranging from 0.1 to 1 ppm in finished products. Its stability can be affected by heat and oxidation, necessitating careful formulation to maintain its sensory qualities.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

(E)-2-Nonenal is utilized in fragrance compositions to provide a fresh, green, and slightly fatty note. It is commonly found in green and aquatic fragrance families. Its volatility makes it suitable for top and middle notes, contributing to the initial freshness of a fragrance. Typical concentrations range from trace amounts to 0.5% in the final product.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
• European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL No. 02.062.
• United Kingdom: Aligns with EU regulations post-Brexit.
• Asia: Approved in Japan and China, with specific use levels defined by local regulations.
• Latin America: Generally accepted, with specific guidelines in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, (E)-2-nonenal is considered safe within the limits established by FEMA and EFSA. Dermal exposure in fragrances is generally low-risk, but IFRA guidelines should be consulted to avoid sensitization. Inhalation exposure is minimal due to its low volatility at typical use levels. Overall, the risk profile is similar for both food and fragrance applications.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

(E)-2-Nonenal is valued for its ability to impart a fresh, green note, enhancing the realism of flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other green and citrus notes. Formulators should be cautious of its strong odor, which can dominate if overused. It is often under-utilized in complex formulations where subtlety is required.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on (E)-2-nonenal is well-established, with comprehensive sensory and regulatory information available. Industry practices are well-documented, though some variability exists in natural occurrence data due to source differences.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1-9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America

This entry adheres to the guidelines, ensuring comprehensive coverage of (E)-2-nonenal's properties, uses, and regulatory status.

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-03-10 18:08:29 GMT (p2)