AInsights Entry for Dextro-Carvone (CAS: 2244-16-8)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): Dextro-carvone, (R)-Carvone
• IUPAC Name: (R)-5-Isopropenyl-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one
• CAS Number: 2244-16-8
• FEMA Number: 2245
• Other Identifiers: FL No. 07.146
• Molecular Formula: C10H14O
• Molecular Weight: 150.22 g/mol

Dextro-carvone is a monoterpenoid ketone characterized by its cyclohexenone structure with an isopropenyl group. The functional groups present, such as the ketone and isopropenyl, contribute significantly to its odor profile, imparting a characteristic minty aroma. The stereochemistry of dextro-carvone is crucial, as it influences the sensory perception and application in flavor and fragrance formulations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Dextro-carvone is renowned for its minty, fresh, and slightly sweet aroma, often described as reminiscent of spearmint. It exhibits a moderate to high intensity with a clean, cooling effect. The compound is primarily used as an impact note in flavor compositions, providing a distinct minty character. Odor thresholds for dextro-carvone are relatively low, making it effective even at minimal concentrations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Dextro-carvone naturally occurs in several essential oils, most notably in spearmint oil (Mentha spicata) and caraway oil (Carum carvi). It is biosynthesized in plants through the mevalonate pathway, leading to the formation of monoterpenes. The compound's presence in natural sources qualifies it for use in "natural flavor" and "natural fragrance" designations, depending on extraction and processing methods.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Dextro-carvone is extensively used in flavor formulations, particularly in mint-flavored products such as chewing gum, confectionery, and oral care products. It serves as a primary flavoring agent, providing a characteristic minty taste. Typical use levels in finished products range from 5 to 50 ppm, with variations depending on the desired intensity and product type. The compound is stable under typical processing conditions but may degrade under extreme heat or acidic conditions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In the fragrance industry, dextro-carvone is utilized in minty and fresh fragrance compositions. It is commonly found in personal care products, air fresheners, and household cleaning products. The compound acts as a top note, providing an initial burst of freshness. Typical concentration ranges in formulations are from 0.1% to 1%, depending on the product type and desired olfactory impact.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
• European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL number 07.146.
• United Kingdom: Aligns with EU regulations post-Brexit.
• Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific restrictions in ASEAN countries.
• Latin America: Generally accepted, with specific regulations in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries.

Dextro-carvone is widely approved for both flavor and fragrance applications, with harmonized regulations across major markets. However, formulators should verify specific country requirements due to potential variability.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, dextro-carvone is considered safe within established use levels, with an acceptable daily intake (ADI) not explicitly defined but supported by FEMA GRAS status. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is generally safe, with low irritation and sensitization potential, as per IFRA guidelines. Inhalation exposure is minimal due to low volatility, but occupational safety measures should be observed during handling.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Dextro-carvone is valued for its potent minty aroma and versatility in both flavor and fragrance applications. It synergizes well with other minty and herbal notes, enhancing freshness and complexity. Formulators should be cautious of overuse, which can lead to an overpowering effect. Balancing with sweet or citrus notes can mitigate this risk and enhance consumer appeal.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on dextro-carvone is well-established, with comprehensive sensory and regulatory information available. Industry practices are well-documented, though specific use levels may vary by application. Known data gaps are minimal, primarily related to emerging markets and novel applications.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-07-07 06:10:27 GMT (p2)