beta-ionone

Material Search

4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one

Identifiers

CAS (Single)	14901-07-6
FEMA	2595
EINECS	238-969-9
Synonyms	3- buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)- beta- cyclocitrylidene acetone beta- ionone 50% in ETOH EEC natural beta- ionone 50% in ETOH natural ionone beta ionone beta 50%, natural ionone beta crude ionone beta, pure beta- ionone natural beta- ionone, natural beta- ionones EEC natural iralia B beta- irisone irisone beta 4-(2,6,6- trimethyl cyclohex-1-ene-1-yl) but-3-ene-2-one 4,2,6,6- trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl-3-buten-2-one 4-(2,6,6- trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-on 4-(2,6,6- trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one 4-(2,6,6- trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2-one 4-(2,6,6- trimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-but-3-en-2-one 4-(2,6,6- trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one 4-(2,6,6- trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)but-3-en-2-one 4-(2,6,6- trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one
JECFA Food Flavoring	N/A
JECFA Food Additive	N/A
DG SANTE Food Flavourings	07.008 beta-ionone
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials	N/A
FDA UNII
CoE Number	142
XlogP3-AA	N/A
Molecular Weight	192.3016
Molecular Formula	C13 H20 O

Properties

Food Chemicals Codex Listed	Yes
Appearance	pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay	95.00 to 100.00 sum of isomers
Specific Gravity	0.93900 to 0.94700 @ 25.00 °C.
Lbs/Gal (est)	7.813 to 7.880
Refractive Index	1.51700 to 1.52200 @ 20.00 Â°C.
Melting Point	N/A
Boiling Point	N/A
Flash Point	> 200.00 Â°F. TCC ( > 93.33 Â°C. )
Acid Value	N/A
Vapor Pressure	0.017000 mmHg @ 25.00 Â°C. (est)
Vapor Density	N/A
logP (o/w)	3.995
Soluble In	alcohol dipropylene glycol fixed oils propylene glycol water, 25.16 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) glycerin acid cleaner alcoholic fine fragrance, good alcoholic lotion antiperspirant, good deo stick detergent perborate, good fabric softener, good hard surface cleaner liquid detergent, good shampoo soap, good toiletry application, good
Occurrence	almond roasted almond barley basil shoot oil beer blueberry plant boronia megastigma nees brandy grape brandy cantaloupe petiole carrot seed carrot seed oil spain @ trace-0.50% cassie absolute @ 1.34% cayenne fruit champaca absolute @ 3.40% cherry sour cherry plant corn husk oil corn silk corn silk oil costus root oil curcuma longa rhizome oil @ 0.81% fig leaf ginger rhizome oil ginkgo biloba oil ginkgo biloba wood ginkgo+biloba wood grape grape fruit guava fruit hyssop flower hyssop leaf kelp wakame kelp nepeta betonicifolia c.a. meyer oil turkey @ 0.50% oat seed orange fruit juice oregano plant osmanthus osmanthus absolute @ 5.85% papaya fruit peach fruit peppermint leaf plum fruit plumcot fruit raspberry plant raspberry red raspberry fruit raspberry red raspberry plant safflower flower safflower leaf saffron spearmint spearmint oil spikenard oil @ 1.40% stachys recta l. oil serbia @ 0.40% star fruit fruit tamarind fruit tamarind seed tea leaf tea leaf oil tea shoot tobacco burley tobacco turmeric root oil hydrodistilled @ 0.81% valerian root oil @ 0.1-0.7% violet flower absolute @ % violet moss watermelon fruit watermelon fruit juice wheat plant wine witch hazel leaf oil @ 0.08%

Organoleptic

Organoleptic Notes	1. Odor Type: floral Odor Strength:medium ,recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less Substantivity:112 hour(s) at 100.00 % floral woody sweet fruity berry tropical beeswax Odor Description:at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. floral woody sweet fruity berry tropical beeswaxLuebke, William tgsc, (1983) Odor sample from: Ungerer & Company, Inc. woody sweet fruity berry green berry Odor Description:Woody, sweet, fruity, berry-like with a green berry backgroundMosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 3, 79, (1991)
Odor	floral floral, woody, sweet, fruity, berry, tropical, beeswax, green
Flavor	woody woody, berry, floral, green, fruity,

AInsights BETA

FlavScents AInsights Entry: Beta-Ionone (CAS: 14901-07-6)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

Common Name(s): Beta-Ionone
IUPAC Name: 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one
CAS Number: 14901-07-6
FEMA Number: 2593
Other Identifiers: FL No. 07.008
Molecular Formula: C13H20O
Molecular Weight: 192.30 g/mol

Beta-ionone is a single chemical compound characterized by its cyclohexene ring and conjugated ketone group, which contribute to its distinctive odor profile. The presence of the conjugated double bonds is crucial for its odor characteristics, providing a floral and woody scent that is highly valued in both flavor and fragrance applications.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Beta-ionone is known for its floral, woody, and violet-like odor, which is both intense and diffusive. It is often described as having a sweet, fruity undertone that enhances its appeal in various formulations. The compound serves as an impact note in many fragrance compositions, providing a sense of depth and complexity. While specific taste and odor thresholds are not universally documented, beta-ionone is recognized for its potent sensory impact even at low concentrations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Beta-ionone naturally occurs in a variety of plants, including violets, roses, and certain fruits. It is a degradation product of carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, through enzymatic processes. This compound is significant in the designation of "natural flavor" or "natural fragrance" due to its presence in many botanicals and its derivation from natural precursors.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Beta-ionone is utilized in flavor formulations across several categories, including fruit, floral, and spice flavors. It acts as a modifier and impact note, enhancing the authenticity and complexity of flavor profiles. Typical use levels in finished food or beverage products range from 0.1 to 5 ppm, with variations depending on the specific application and desired intensity. It is generally stable under normal processing conditions but may degrade under extreme heat or acidic conditions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In the fragrance industry, beta-ionone is a key component in floral and woody fragrance families. It is used to impart a violet-like, powdery note that enhances the overall complexity of a fragrance. Concentration ranges can vary widely, typically from trace amounts to several percent, depending on the desired effect. Beta-ionone contributes primarily to the middle notes of a fragrance, offering moderate volatility.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

United States: Recognized as GRAS by FEMA for flavor use.
European Union: Approved under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 with FL No. 07.008.
United Kingdom: Aligns with EU regulations post-Brexit.
Asia: Approved for use in Japan and China, with specific restrictions varying by country.
Latin America: Generally accepted, with specific regulations in Brazil and MERCOSUR countries.

Beta-ionone is widely approved for use in both flavors and fragrances, with harmonized regulations across many regions. However, formulators should verify specific country requirements due to potential variability.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, beta-ionone is considered safe within the established use levels, with a high margin of safety. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is generally well-tolerated, though IFRA guidelines should be consulted to avoid potential sensitization. Inhalation exposure is typically low risk due to its moderate volatility, but occupational safety measures should be in place to minimize prolonged exposure.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Beta-ionone is valued for its ability to impart a natural, floral character to both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other floral and fruity notes, enhancing the overall complexity of a formulation. Common pitfalls include overuse, which can lead to an overpowering or artificial scent. It is often underutilized in formulations seeking a subtle, natural enhancement.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on beta-ionone is well-established, with comprehensive documentation available from authoritative sources. While industry practices are generally consistent, some undocumented variations in use levels and sensory thresholds may exist. Regulatory ambiguities are minimal, but formulators should remain aware of regional differences.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

All required sections 1–9 are present
"Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
Flavor section includes ppm ranges
Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-09-01 08:11:23 GMT (p2)

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