FlavScents AInsights Entry for Meta-Cymene (CAS: 535-77-3)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

• Common Name(s): Meta-cymene
• IUPAC Name: 1-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)benzene
• CAS Number: 535-77-3
• FEMA Number: Data not found
• Other Identifiers: FL number not clearly reported; CoE number not found; IFRA reference not available
• Molecular Formula: C10H14
• Molecular Weight: 134.22 g/mol
• Functional Groups and Structure–Odor Relevance: Meta-cymene is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a methyl group and an isopropyl group attached to a benzene ring. The presence of these groups contributes to its characteristic odor profile, which is often described as citrusy and woody.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

Meta-cymene is known for its distinctive citrusy and woody aroma, which can be described as fresh and slightly sweet. It is often used as a modifier in fragrance compositions to add a fresh, clean note. The intensity of its odor is moderate, making it suitable for both impact and background roles in formulations. Specific taste and odor thresholds are not clearly reported in the literature, but it is typically used in low concentrations due to its potent aroma.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

Meta-cymene naturally occurs in various essential oils, including cumin and thyme oils. It can also be formed through the catalytic dehydrogenation of p-cymene. In the context of "natural flavor" or "natural fragrance" designations, meta-cymene is often derived from natural sources, aligning with consumer preferences for natural ingredients.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

Meta-cymene is utilized in flavor formulations primarily for its citrusy and woody notes. It is commonly found in citrus and spice flavor categories, enhancing the overall profile of food and beverage products. Typical use levels in finished products are not well-documented, but industry practices suggest concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 ppm, depending on the desired intensity and application. Meta-cymene is relatively stable under normal conditions but may degrade under extreme heat or acidic conditions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In the fragrance industry, meta-cymene is valued for its ability to impart freshness and complexity to compositions. It is used across various fragrance families, including citrus, woody, and spicy. Its role can vary from a trace realism enhancer to a prominent impact note. Typical concentration ranges are not explicitly documented, but it is generally used in low to moderate amounts. Meta-cymene contributes primarily to the top and middle notes due to its moderate volatility.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

• United States: Meta-cymene does not have a specific FEMA GRAS number, indicating it may not be explicitly approved for flavor use.
• European Union: Under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008, meta-cymene's status is not clearly defined, suggesting it may be used under general flavoring principles.
• United Kingdom: Post-Brexit, the regulatory alignment with the EU remains, but specific divergences are not documented.
• Asia: In Japan and China, meta-cymene's regulatory status is not explicitly reported, indicating it may be used under general flavor and fragrance guidelines.
• Latin America: Specific regulatory information for Brazil and MERCOSUR countries is not available, suggesting reliance on general international standards.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

• Oral Exposure: Data on acceptable daily intake (ADI) or threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for meta-cymene is not found. Formulators should ensure usage aligns with industry-typical practices and safety margins.
• Dermal Exposure: Meta-cymene is not known to be a significant irritant or sensitizer, but formulators should consider IFRA guidelines for fragrance applications.
• Inhalation Exposure: Due to its volatility, inhalation exposure should be minimized in occupational settings, and adequate ventilation should be ensured.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

Meta-cymene is a valuable material for its ability to enhance freshness and complexity in both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other citrus and woody notes, providing a balanced and nuanced profile. Formulators should be cautious of its potency, as overuse can lead to overpowering compositions. It is often under-utilized in formulations seeking a natural citrus character.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on meta-cymene is well-established in terms of its chemical identity and sensory profile. However, specific regulatory approvals and toxicological data are less documented, requiring formulators to rely on industry-typical practices and general safety guidelines. Known data gaps include precise usage levels and regulatory specifics in certain regions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-04-17 15:08:36 GMT (p2)