FlavScents AInsights Entry for 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (CAS: 90-02-8)

1. Identity & Chemical Information

2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, also known as salicylaldehyde, is a single chemical compound with the IUPAC name 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. It is identified by the CAS number 90-02-8. The molecular formula for 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde is C7H6O2, and it has a molecular weight of 122.12 g/mol. This compound features a hydroxyl group adjacent to an aldehyde group on a benzene ring, which contributes to its characteristic odor profile. The presence of these functional groups is significant for its odor properties, as they influence the compound's reactivity and interaction with olfactory receptors.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; PubChem; FEMA

2. Sensory Profile

2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is known for its almond-like, sweet, and slightly balsamic odor. It is often described as having a warm, nutty character with moderate intensity and diffusion. The compound is primarily used as an impact note in fragrance compositions, providing a distinct almond scent that can enhance the overall sensory experience. While specific taste and odor thresholds are not widely documented, its potent aroma suggests a low threshold, making it effective even at low concentrations.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; peer-reviewed sensory literature

3. Natural Occurrence & Formation

2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde occurs naturally in several plant species, including the leaves of the sweet birch tree and certain species of mosses. It can also be formed through the enzymatic degradation of salicin, a compound found in willow bark. This natural occurrence allows it to be classified under "natural flavor" or "natural fragrance" designations, depending on the source and extraction method used.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; food chemistry literature; EFSA/JECFA monographs

4. Use in Flavors

In flavor applications, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde is used to impart an almond-like note to various food products, including baked goods, confectionery, and beverages. It serves as a key impact note, enhancing the overall flavor profile by adding depth and complexity. Typical use levels in finished food products range from 1 to 10 ppm, with higher concentrations potentially leading to an overpowering effect. The compound is relatively stable under typical food processing conditions, although it may degrade under extreme heat or acidic conditions.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; FEMA GRAS documentation; formulation literature

5. Use in Fragrances

In the fragrance industry, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde is utilized in a variety of fragrance families, including oriental and gourmand. It acts as a modifier and impact note, contributing a warm, nutty aroma that enhances the richness of the fragrance composition. Typical concentration ranges in perfumes and personal care products are from 0.1% to 1%, depending on the desired intensity. Due to its moderate volatility, it is often used as a middle note, providing a lasting almond scent that bridges the top and base notes.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; IFRA; fragrance chemistry texts

6. Regulatory Status (Regional Overview)

In the United States, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde is recognized as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by FEMA for use in flavors. In the European Union, it is regulated under Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 and has an assigned FL number. The United Kingdom follows similar regulations post-Brexit. In Asia, including Japan and China, it is permitted for use in flavors and fragrances, although specific concentration limits may vary. In Latin America, countries like Brazil and members of MERCOSUR also allow its use, with harmonized assumptions across the region.

Citation hooks: FEMA; EFSA; national authority publications

7. Toxicology, Safety & Exposure Considerations

For oral exposure, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde is considered safe at typical flavor use levels, with no specific ADI or MSDI established. Dermal exposure in fragrance applications is generally safe, although it may cause irritation or sensitization in sensitive individuals. IFRA provides guidelines for its use in fragrances to minimize such risks. Inhalation exposure is not typically a concern at standard use levels, but occupational exposure should be monitored to prevent potential respiratory irritation.

Citation hooks: EFSA; FEMA; PubChem; toxicology literature

8. Practical Insights for Formulators

2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is valued for its ability to impart a distinct almond aroma, making it a versatile ingredient in both flavors and fragrances. It synergizes well with other nutty and sweet notes, enhancing the overall sensory profile. Formulators should be cautious of its potent aroma, as overuse can lead to an overpowering effect. It is often underutilized in complex formulations where its unique character can add depth and interest.

Citation hooks: FlavScents; industry practice

9. Confidence & Data Quality Notes

The data on 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde is well-established, with comprehensive information available on its sensory properties, natural occurrence, and regulatory status. While specific numeric thresholds for taste and odor are not widely documented, industry practices provide reliable guidance for its use. Known data gaps include detailed toxicological studies, particularly regarding long-term exposure effects.

Citation hooks: FlavScents

QA Check

• All required sections 1–9 are present
• "Citation hooks:" line is present under each section
• Flavor section includes ppm ranges
• Toxicology section covers oral, dermal, inhalation
• Regulatory section mentions US, EU, UK, Asia, Latin America
• If complex natural material: includes section 5a (not applicable here)

About FlavScents AInsights (Disclosure)
FlavScents AInsights integrates information from authoritative government, scientific, academic, and industry sources to provide applied, exposure-aware insight into flavor and fragrance materials. Data are drawn from regulatory bodies, expert safety panels, peer-reviewed literature, public chemical databases, and long-standing professional practice within the flavor and fragrance community. Where explicit published values exist, they are reported directly; where gaps remain, AInsights reflects widely accepted industry-typical practice derived from convergent sensory behavior, historical commercial use, regulatory non-objection, and expert consensus. All such information is clearly labeled to distinguish documented data from professional guidance or informed estimation, with the goal of offering transparent, practical, and scientifically responsible context for researchers, formulators, and regulatory specialists. This section is generated using advanced computational language modeling to synthesize and structure information from established scientific and regulatory knowledge bases, with the intent of supporting—not replacing—expert review and judgment.

Generated 2026-08-26 09:09:23 GMT (p2)